The Inflation Update: March 2002
Stephen G. Cecchetti

16 April 2002

Columbus, Ohio

If this month’s inflation numbers are a harbinger of things to come, I will need to calm down. All in all, the numbers are astonishing. The overall indices rose much less than anyone expected, as did many of the components that I use to forecast future price movements.  It looks as if the inflation trend may be stabilizing around 2˝%, not the 3+% that I previously thought.  One thing is for sure.  This month’s report gives the FOMC some breathing space and makes its next action less pressing.

The BLS reported that overall inflation rose “only” 4.1% (at an annual rate) for March 2002. This is far below the 6 or 7% (a.r.) plus increase people were expecting.  And considering the 56% (a.r.) rise in energy prices, it means that non-energy goods and services prices rose much less than expected.  In fact, the CPI excluding food and energy was up a moderate 1.3% (a.r.) for the month, while the Median CPI of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland rose only 3.4%.  For the past 12 months, these two core inflation measures are up 2.4% and 3.8% respectively, both below readings of the past few months.

             With few exceptions, inflation is lower across the board.  Core goods prices actually fell by 1.7% (a.r.) for the month, even though apparel rose by more than 15% (a.r.)! Goods price declines were focused in information technology and always volatile tobacco. Meanwhile core services prices rose a very modest 1.7% (a.r.).  This is far below the 5% level of last month.  If this is a signal of things to come, then we really have very little to worry about.

             Looking at the detail of the report, we can see that owner equivalent rent (OER) – the median component yet again – increased by 3.4% (a.r.) during March, a full percentage point below the trend of the previous year. This index is a moving averages of several months past observations of a survey of rental prices.  The moving average part means that the index tends to move up and down very slowly, jumping only when there is an extraordinary one-month change.  I can only conclude that the “real” data used as the basis for the OER showed a tremendous decline in their rate of increase.  It looks as if the increased rental vacancy rate may be widespread enough to drive inflation down nationally. My best guess is that we are in for a run of lower numbers for the next few months.

             All of this analysis may leave you wondering why you bother reading my monthly reports.  After all, for the past year I’ve been watching the very small inflation increases with a microscope and claiming that they were poised to grow into something larger. Meanwhile, FOMC members have repeatedly and in concert said that inflation is not a problem, arguing that the monetary easing of the past year had few risks and that they could take their time before they needed to reverse course.  The data released today is certainly on their side.

  
Consumer Price Inflation, Various Measures
(Through March 2002, all data at an annual rate)

Previous

All Items CPI

CPI ex Food & Energy

Median CPI

1 Month

4.1

1.3

3.4

3 Months

3.0

2.1

3.8

6 Months

0.5

2.4

3.5

12 Months

1.5

2.4

3.8

12 Months ending March 2001

3.0 2.5 3.4

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Detail for Computation of the Median CPI

March 2002

Component

Annualized 1-month % change

Relative Importance

Cumulative Relative Importance

Motor fuel         

166.6

2.5

2.5

Car and truck rental        

67.2

0.1

2.6

Jewelry and watches          

32.4

0.4

3.0

Infants' and toddlers' apparel        

28.7

0.2

3.2

Footwear            

26.6

0.9

4.1

Fresh fruits and vegetables        

22.0

1.0

5.1

Fuel oil and other fuels   

22.0

0.2

5.2

Men's and boys' apparel      

17.9

1.1

6.4

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs      

9.3

2.3

8.6

Motor vehicle insurance     

7.9

2.4

11.0

Women's and girls' apparel   

6.3

1.8

12.8

Personal care services      

6.0

0.9

13.7

Miscellaneous personal services       

5.4

1.6

15.3

Medical care services        

5.1

4.5

19.9

Motor vehicle parts and equipment    

4.6

0.4

20.3

Motor vehicle fees          

4.4

0.6

20.8

Water and sewer and trash collection services

4.4

0.9

21.7

Rent of primary residence   

4.3

6.5

28.3

Education           

4.0

2.8

31.1

Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials

3.5

1.0

32.0

Owners' equivalent rent of primary residence  

3.4

22.5

54.5

Motor vehicle maintenance and repair 

3.2

1.4

55.9

Gas (piped) and electricity          

2.7

3.4

59.4

Recreation           

2.3

6.1

65.4

Medical care commodities     

0.9

1.4

66.8

Food away from home         

0.7

6.3

73.2

Alcoholic beverages         

0.7

1.0

74.2

Tenants'  and household insurance    

0.0

0.4

74.6

Household furnishings and operations  

0.0

4.9

79.4

Cereals and bakery products         

-1.2

1.3

80.8

Personal care products      

-3.0

0.7

81.5

New vehicles      

-3.4

5.1

86.5

Miscellaneous personal goods         

-3.7

0.2

86.7

Dairy and related products           

-4.8

0.9

87.7

Other food at home         

-5.1

1.8

89.5

Public transportation        

-8.9

1.2

90.7

Used cars and trucks       

-9.6

2.2

92.9

Communication       

-13.3

3.1

96.0

Processed fruits and vegetables    

-14.8

0.3

96.3

Lodging away from home      

-17.6

2.8

99.1

Tobacco and smoking products          

-35.1

0.9

100.0