The Inflation Update: May 2002
Stephen G. Cecchett
18 June 2002

Columbus, Ohi

            The goal of central bankers is to make inflation a boring topic for everyone else.  Like water and power, price stability should be something the rest of us take for granted.  In the same way that local public officials ensure that we have clean water and uninterrupted electricity, monetary policymakers are supposed to guard against inflation.  It looks like they’re doing their jobs.  As it should be, we all have to tune to the World Cup matches in Japan and South Korea for excitement. (And it is exciting.)

            This morning the BLS reported that the all-items CPI was unchanged between April and May 2002. At the same time, the CPI excluding food and energy rose a very modest 1.9% for the month (at an annual rate), while the Median CPI computed by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland increased only 2.3%!.  Over the past twelve months, core inflation measures have moderated slightly, with the CPI ex. food and energy up 2.5% and the Median CPI increasing 3.6%. 

            Like the U.S. victory over Mexico in the World Cup match early yesterday morning, the best news is the most unexpected.  Over the past month, owner-equivalent rent (OER) rose a very most 2.3% (a.r.).  This is far below the recent trend that has been over 4%.  It is starting to look like housing market may be cooling off a bit.  Either that, or this number is a fluke. We’ll have to wait and see.

            Medical care costs are playing the role of Brazil in this month’s CPI saga.  Just as the talented Brazilians looks to be on their way to the final in Yokohama on June 30, medical care costs are skyrocketing, rising 5.7% (a.r.) for the month.  Hospital services are now up 12% (a.r.) for the past 6 months.  But this really is the only dark spot in the report.  Yes, goods prices fell and there will be renewed cries that deflation is here.  But always remember, when inflation is low, prices that rise less than average will fall.

            For policymakers, this morning’s report provides comfort that low interest rates have not yet ignited an inflationary outburst, and so the FOMC can continue focusing attention on counteracting the excesses of the late 1990s.  Until either business investment recovers, or there are clear signs of inflation on the horizon, we can expect monetary policy to remain accommodative. While I might start moving interest rates up gradually now, there is virtually no chance that Chairman Greenspan and his colleagues will make a move next week, and so their meeting will be rather boring.   Instead I suggest that they consider setting up a television screen in the boardroom at the Board of Governors building in Washington and watching the World Cup semifinal game between the winner of Brazil/England and Senegal/Turkey. They will have to arrive early, since the game starts at 7:30am local time, but it should be over by 10:00am, and they can have a short meeting starting an hour later than usual.  I’ll definitely be watching, and my money is on Brazil.


Consumer Price Inflation, Various Measures
(Through May 2002, all data at an annual rate)

Previous

All Items CPI

CPI ex Food & Energy

Median CPI

1 Month

0.0

1.9

2.3

3 Months

3.4

2.3

3.1

6 Months

2.3

2.1

3.2

12 Months

1.2

2.5

3.6

12 Months ending May 2001

3.6 2.6 3.7

 For previous updates, as well as my occasional essays on current policy issues,
Please visit my home page:
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(Note:  If you have trouble viewing the tables, you can download the pdf fil
The Inflation Update: May 2002  PDF Format
These also include the table used to construct the Median CPI.)

Detail for Computation of the Median CPI

May 2002

Component

Annualized 1-month % change

Relative Importance

Cumulative Relative Importance

Public transportation        

28.0

1.2

1.2

Gas (piped) and electricity         

14.4

3.4

4.6

Fuel oil and other fuels   

12.3

0.2

4.8

Communication       

9.6

3.0

7.8

Processed fruits and vegetables    

8.9

0.3

8.1

Motor vehicle insurance     

6.9

2.4

10.5

Medical care services        

6.8

4.5

15.0

Footwear            

6.0

0.9

15.9

Motor vehicle maintenance and repair 

5.9

1.4

17.3

Education           

4.9

2.8

20.1

Jewelry and watches          

4.6

0.4

20.5

Tenants'  and household insurance    

4.6

0.4

20.8

Miscellaneous personal services      

4.0

1.6

22.4

Household furnishings and operations  

3.8

4.8

27.2

Rent of primary residence   

3.1

6.5

33.8

Lodging away from home      

3.1

2.7

36.5

Medical care commodities     

2.9

1.4

37.9

Food away from home         

2.7

6.3

44.2

Alcoholic beverages         

2.7

1.0

45.2

Personal care services      

2.6

0.9

46.1

Owners' equivalent rent of primary residence  

2.3

22.4

68.6

Dairy and related products          

2.2

0.9

69.5

Motor vehicle fees          

1.1

0.6

70.1

Water and sewer and trash collection services

1.1

0.9

70.9

Motor vehicle parts and equipment    

0.0

0.4

71.4

Miscellaneous personal goods         

0.0

0.2

71.6

Cereals and bakery products         

-0.6

1.3

72.9

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs      

-0.7

2.3

75.2

Recreation           

-1.1

6.1

81.2

New vehicles      

-2.5

5.0

86.2

Used cars and trucks       

-3.1

2.1

88.4

Personal care products      

-4.5

0.7

89.1

Women's and girls' apparel   

-7.9

1.8

90.9

Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials

-10.6

1.0

91.9

Other food at home         

-11.3

1.8

93.7

Infants' and toddlers' apparel        

-13.1

0.2

93.9

Men's and boys' apparel      

-17.7

1.1

95.0

Fresh fruits and vegetables        

-22.2

1.0

96.0

Car and truck rental       

-24.4

0.1

96.1

Tobacco and smoking products          

-27.9

1.0

97.0

Motor fuel         

-29.1

3.0

100.0