Carroll L. Estes is Professor of Sociology at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). She was the founding and first Director of the Institute for Health and Aging (1979-1998), and the former Chair of the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, UCSF. She served as consultant to the Commissioner of Social Security, conducting a study of the Office of Research, Evaluation and Statistics, SSA (1996-1998) and is past President of three national organizations on aging: the Gerontological Society of America, the American Society on Aging, and the Association for Gerontology in Higher Education. Professor Estes' honors and awards include the American Society on Aging Leadership Award; the Helen Nahm Research Award and the Faculty Research Lecturer Award at UCSF; the Donald P. Kent Award of the Gerontological Society of America (GSA); the Beverly Award and the Clark Tibbitts Leadership Award of the Association for Gerontology in Higher Education and the "Woman Who Could Be President" Award of the League of Women Voters. In 1999, she co-authored (with Timothy Smeeding and Lou Glasse) a report on "Social Security and Women" for the GSA. Her most recent book (2000) is entitled Social Policy and Aging. Other books include The Aging Enterprise (1979) and The Long Term Crisis (1993). She recently co-edited two books: In 2000, The Nation's Health, 6th Ed. (with Philip R. Lee), and in 2001, Health Policy and Nursing, 3rd Ed (with Charlene Harrington). A founding member of the National Academy of Social Insurance, Professor Estes received her Ph.D. from the University of California, San Diego.