Douglas R. Wholey is Professor in the Division of Health Services Research and Policy in the School of Public Health at the University of Minnesota. He received his Ph.D. from the Haas School of Business at the University of California at Berkeley. He has extensively studied a broad array of aspects of Health Maintenance Organizations, including research on HMO formation, failure, performance, and structure. He is currently studying information technology use among managed care organizations and the effect of managed care on consumer trust. Along with Jon Christianson and Roger Feldman he was awarded the National Institute for Health Care Management Research Award in 1995. In 1996 he was named a Fellow of the Association for Health Services Research.