We take a comprehensive view of well-being that includes a range of physical, socioeconomic, and psychological outcomes. We take a comprehensive view to ensure the conclusions we draw about the effects of markets on well-being and the use of natural resources do not hinge on how we defined outcomes. Measures of well-being have included: (a) income, (b) consumption, (c) wildlife consumption and deforestation, (d) wealth in traditional and modern physical assets, (e) ethnobotanical knowledge*, (f) schooling, academic skills, and language fluency, (g) social capital or gifts and labor help given and received, (h) emotions (e.g., anger, mirth), (i) self-perceived health, (j) objective health measured through bio-markers*, parasitic infections*, and anthropometric indicators of short and long-term nutritional status, (k) spousal empowerment revealed through questions about decision making in the household*, (l) rates of private time preference or patience*, and (m) village economic inequalities. * indicates outcomes are measured only some years.
